2. Meet the French Royal Style: Louis XIV
Louis XIV is known as Le Roi Soleil, the Sun King. Louis XIV's reign spanned an impressive seventy two years, from 1638 to 1715, making him one of the longest-reigning monarchs in European history. He disliked the rebellious city of Paris so much that he built the Palace of Versailles.
The Sun King was a talented dancer and often danced in ballets where he played the part of Apollo, the Sun, or other godlike personas. His love for dancing even influenced the development of ballet as an art form in France. All this dancing caused his legs to be very well-defined, which he was exceptionally proud. He often requested for full-length portraits where he could show off his legs!
Louis XIV is famously associated with the phrase "L'État, c'est moi" (I am the state), emphasizing his belief in absolute monarchy and centralized power.
Louis XIV Furniture Style: Baroque Opulence
The Louis XIV furniture style is synonymous with the over-the-top exuberance of the Baroque period. It reflects a desire for grandeur, luxury, and lavish ornamentation. The influence of Italian art is strongly present. The furniture is typically large and voluptuous.
While rooted in Baroque extravagance, Louis XIV furniture also exhibits elements of classicism, showcasing a harmonious balance between opulence and classical restraint. One of the main features of this style is its symmetry, full of right angles and straight lines.
Furnishings are characterised by weighty brocades of red and gold. Until 1680, furniture was massive, decorated with sculpture and gilding. Thanks to the development of the craft of marquetry, the furniture was decorated with different colours and different woods. This technique added a new dimension to the visual appeal of the furniture. The most prominent creator of furniture in this period was André Charles Boulle, a renowned ébéniste (cabinetmaker) and sculptor. His works, characterized by elaborate marquetry and gilded bronze mounts, are considered iconic representations of this style.
Cabriole Legs with Decorative Mounts
Cabriole legs, characterized by a curve at the upper and lower portions, were a common feature in seating and tables. These legs often featured elaborate mounts and decorations. Tables, commodes, and other case pieces frequently had marble tops.
Louis XIV furniture drew inspiration from classical antiquity, incorporating motifs from ancient Greek and Roman art. This influence is evident in the use of columns, pilasters, and classical ornamentation. While symmetry was emphasized, Louis XIV furniture also featured curved forms and Rocaille motifs.
Upholstery in Louis XIV furniture was rich and luxurious. Brocades, damasks, and velvets adorned seating, providing a lavish and sumptuous feel.
Monogram and Heraldic Symbols
Louis XIV furniture often featured monograms and heraldic symbols, emphasizing the royal identity. These symbols were incorporated into the design as a mark of prestige.
Images sourced via Rijksstudio from the Rijksmuseum.
